網頁again. Defining the “child penalty” as the percentage by which women fall behind men due to children, we find that the long-run child penalty in earnings equals about 20 1percent over the period 1980–2013. This should be interpreted as a total penalty 網頁findings suggest that, the year after the first child is born, mothers’ annual earnings drop by 11 percent while men’s remain unaffected. The gender gap is even larger ten years after the birth. Our estimate of the long-run child penalty in earnings equals 28 percent
El impacto de tener hijos y trabajar: informe “The Child Penalty in …
網頁Abstract. Using data from social security records and an event study approach, we estimate the child penalty in Spain, looking at disparities for women and men across different labor … 網頁Many studies document that women with children tend to earn lower wages than women without children (a shortfall known as the ‘child penalty’ or ‘family gap’). Despite the existence of several hypotheses about the causes of the child penalty, much about the gap in wages remains unexplained. keck monthly parking
(PDF) The child penalty: evidence from Spain
網頁the child penalty in Spain, looking at disparities for women and men across different labor outcomes following the birth of the first child. Our findings show that, the year afterthefirstchildisborn,mothers’annualearningsdropby11%whilemen’sremain unchanged. … 網頁Spain II. DEFINITION OF "CHILD" 82. being the limit of criminal responsibility. Nevertheless an age of 16 to 18 years is considered to be an attenuating circumstance in cases of … 網頁The last use of capital punishment in Spain took place on 27 September 1975 when two members of the armed Basque nationalist and separatist group ETA political-military and three members of the Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front (FRAP) were executed by firing squads after having been convicted and sentenced to death by military tribunals for … lazy boy support product manuals